
The UK possesses uniquely valuable health data assets, but the systems through which they are accessed, governed and used for research remain fragmented. Recent years have shown both the genuine public benefits that can arise from responsible data use and the difficulties that follow when governance, communication and transparency fall short. As national infrastructure evolves and artificial intelligence (AI) expands what can be done with health data, the challenge is no longer only technical. The most important questions ahead are largely social, ethical and political, and should focus on how to secure public trust in the use of health data.